Sharpening Chainsaw Chain

Video: How To Sharpen a Chainsaw

When it comes to sharpening your chainsaw chain, there are a few methods to consider. You can sharpen it by hand using a round chainsaw file or opt for the convenience of an electric chainsaw grinder. For square chains used for cutting large trees, there's the square filing method. Make sure to refer to your grinder manual for the setup and usage instructions. It's important to sharpen your chain according to the manufacturer's recommendations for optimal performance.

What tools do I need to file my chainsaw chain?

Parts of a Chain Cutter

1. Top Plate: The top plate is the uppermost part of the cutter, serving as the primary contact point with the material being cut.

2. Cutting Corner: The cutting corner is the edge or area of the cutter responsible for making the actual cutting action.

3. Slide Plate: The slide plate is a movable part of the cutter that facilitates smooth and controlled cutting motion.

4. Gullet: The gullet is the recessed area between the cutting teeth, which helps in chip removal during cutting.

5. Depth Gauge: The depth gauge controls the amount of material removed during each cutting pass, ensuring precision and accuracy.

6. Heel: The heel of the cutter provides stability and support during the cutting process.

7. Rivet Hole: The rivet hole is the location where the rivet secures different parts of the cutter together.

8. Toe: The front part of the cutter that aids in guiding and positioning during use.

Preparation for Saw Chain Sharpening

If you have any questions about sharpening your Oregon chain, call our technical services department at 800-223-5168, Monday through Friday between 7:30 a.m. & 4 p.m. PDT.

Step 1

Ensure that your chainsaw is turned off before you start any maintenance. It's essential to know the type of chain and sharpening angle specifications for your chainsaw. You can find this information in your chainsaw owner's manual or on the chain pack. If you're unsure about your chain's type or number, seek advice from your Oregon chain dealer or contact the technical services department at 800-223-5168.

Step 2

Put on your protective gear, including gloves and eye wear protection. If you are sharpening the chain while it's attached to the chainsaw bar, make sure it’s properly tensioned first.

Step 3

Wipe any oil and grease off the chain to prevent build-up on the file's teeth or the grinding wheel.

Step 4

Inspect the chainsaw chain for damage, including:

Proper installation of tie straps and drive links
Cracked or broken cutters, cutter top plates or tie straps
Bent, cracked or burned drive links
Severe abrasive damage
Abnormally worn chain
Wear patterns that may indicate a worn bar or sprocket. Refer to the Oregon Saw Chain Safety & Maintenance Manual for more information.
Loose rivets (Try rotating the rivets with your fingers – if you can do this, they are too loose.)

Refer to the Oregon® Saw Chain Safety & Maintenance Manual for more information.

Step 5

If you are filing your chainsaw chain by hand, select and use the correct file guide and file for your saw chain. This is the easiest way to file saw chain.

Step 6

If the chain is broken, repair or replace it. Next, check and adjust depth gauge. Then, sharpen your chain according to the manufacturer’s recommendations, keeping it balanced.

How To Sharpen Chainsaw Chain with a Round File

The goal of filing is to remove all damage, while keeping the chainsaw chain balanced.

Step 1

Engage the chain brake, then lightly clamp the chainsaw bar in a bench vice. Release the chain brake to rotate the chain by hand (be sure to wear gloves when you do this).

Tool Tip

Operate chain brake by pushing the top-hand guard forward. Pull guard back to disengage.

Step 2

If you are using a file guide, place it over the cutter with the file in the gullet (between the cutter and the depth gauge). Ensure the file guide has the proper contact points on the cutter top plate and the depth gauge.

Step 3

Hold the file in the correct location so that 1/5", or 20%, of the file’s diameter is positioned above the cutter’s top plate. Using an Oregon File Guide is the easiest way to hold the file in this position. Make sure the top plate filing angle is parallel to chainsaw chain centerline.

Step 4

Locate the cutter with the most damage and use steady, even strokes (the "full file length") to remove the damage while counting the number of file strokes. TIP: You’ll know the damage is removed when the cutter has a shiny, silver face. File all the cutters with the same number of strokes per cutter from the inside to the outside so that the cutter lengths are equal.

Step 5

Complete all the cutters on one side of the chain before turning your chain to switch sides. One you are done, Once you are done, repeat the process for the other side of the chain, ensuring all lengths are equal. Remember, to recheck depth gauges.

Step 6

File back to remove damage and keep top plates equal in length. Recheck depth gauges.

How To Sharpen Chain with an Oregon® Electric Chainsaw Chain Sharpener

Step 1

Check the grinder wheel shape.

Tool Tip

Before installing a new or used grinding wheel, it's important to check the wheel for integrity. You can do this by tapping the wheel with a metal object, such as an Allen Wrench. If you hear a dull thud, it's possible that the wheel may be damaged from the inside, and in that case, a replacement wheel may be needed.

Step 2

Set the vise assembly to the correct top plate filing angle. Refer to your grinder’s manual for the best way to do this. We suggest grinding your chain to meet the manufacturers's recommedations.

Step 3

Use the recommended top-plate cutting angle to set the proper grinder head angle.

Step 4

Ensure that the vise-blocking handle is screwed in tight and that the chain is blocked. Turn on the electric sharpener and sharpen the cutter by lowering the arm-motor unit. Tip: Use a quick tapping motion to minimize overheating of the ground surface.Carefully proceed with sharpening your chain according to the manufaturer's recommendations.

Step 5

When sharpening the cutter is complete, raise the arm and loosen the handle to run the saw chain forward to position the next cutter to be sharpened.

Step 6

Use the vise-block handle again and continue to sharpen your chain. When all the cutters are sharpened, turn the machine off and unplug the power cable. Dress vitrified grinding wheels often to maintain correct shape using a rotary dresser or a dressing brick.

Tips for After Sharpening a Chainsaw Chain

Step 1

Check and adjust depth gauges.

Step 2

Start by cleaning off any debris from the chain, and then thoroughly lubricate it with chainsaw bar and chain oil. For optimal results, soak the chain overnight in the bar and chain oil.

Step 3

After sharpening the saw chain, make sure to store it in a container with lubricant so that it's ready for its next use.

Learn More about Square-Ground Filing

The term "square-ground filing" refers to the process of using a file to sharpen square-ground chain by hand. This technique can be more challenging than round filing and demands different methods. Achieving precise corner alignment and filing angles is crucial due to the reduced margin for error with square-ground chain. Becoming proficient in square-ground filing may take some time. It's common for beginners to not get it right on their first try, so don't be discouraged if your chain doesn't initially perform as expected.

FAQ

When Should You Perform Square-Ground Filing?

Square-ground filing is typically not necessary for most chain saw operators, as square-ground chain is not commonly used. This type of chain is specifically designed for cutting larger trees with longer guide bars. While square-ground filing can be more challenging and offers less margin for error, the performance benefits of using square-ground chain for cutting timber can outweigh these drawbacks.

Things to Keep in Mind the First Time You File Square-Ground Chain

When filing a square-ground chain for the first time, it's best to work in a well-lit and stable environment, such as a shop with a workbench. It's recommended to start with a square-ground chisel chain that still has its factory grind. Do not use an old chain – especially one that has been previously filed as it may still have gullet material attached that needs to be removed.

Tip: Using a second, new square-ground chisel chain as a reference point can be helpful for understanding what the cutter teeth should look like.

Three Rules for Sharpening Square-Ground Chain

Keep the corner of the file aligned with the cutter’s tooth
Maintain the angles of the cutter’s tooth
Repeat the same angles on every tooth; all cutters need to be the same.

Where to Position the Square File

What does a square file do? A square file sharpens the top-plate and the side plate, simultaneously.

This creates a line, (A), where the top-plate cutting angle meets the side-plate angle. For the best results, file the cutter so that the line intersects the cutting corner (B).

To properly sharpen the cutter, use the correct filing position, as shown from three different points of view.

Square Filing Tip

Before you start filing, position your square file next to the face of a cutter tooth. Choose the corner of the file that will align with the corner of the cutter tooth. Once the corner is aligned, adust the file on its other axis so the other surfaces match up. Refer to the graphics above to ensure you have the correct filing position.

Which Direction Should You File a Square-Ground Chain In?

Once you've positioned your file, it's time to start sharpening.

The square saw chain should be filed from the outside in, in a downward direction, as this leaves a better edge on the chromed cutting surfaces and makes it easier to maintain the file’s position, and the resulting cutting edges, in correct alignment. However, filing from the outside in will wear out your file faster.

Some square saw chain users may prefer to file from the inside out, in an upward direction although this method is more challenging.

Regardless of the direction you choose, ensure that your file and cutting edges stay positioned as shown in the previoussection. File all cutters on one side of the saw chain, then reverse the saw chain and repeat the process, using the same file positions for cutters on the opposite side of the saw chain.

Sharpening with a Square File

When sharpening with a square file, start by aligning your angles. Take a few file strokes with the file, then inspect the cutter tooth for marks where the steel has been removed. Adjust the file based on what you see and continue sharpening until the tooth looks as sharp as the reference chain.

Once the first tooth is sharp, repeat the process for the rest of the teeth on the chain. It's important to ensure that each tooth is sharpened identically to maintain a consistent cut. Inaccuracies in tooth size can cause the chain to vibrate and cut unevenly. Avoid relying solely on the number of file strokes, as different strokes may remove varying amounts of material.

What Kind of Square File Should You Use?

What Type of Square File Should You Use?

There are three different types of square files: hexagon, double bevel, and “goofy”.

The most common file type is the hexagon shape, also known as the “triangular chisel file”. As the name suggests, a hexagonal file has six sides, with three corners acting as the filing edge. Among the three file types, the hexagonal file is the smallest in size and usually fits well into 3/8” pitch chain.

The other two file types – double bevel and “goofy” have two corners for sharpening and can also be used to lower depth gauges with surfaces on the top and bottom of the file.

Only use files specially designed for square-ground chisel cutters, which are available from your chainsaw dealer.

File Gullet

Why File Gullet?

Approximately every fifth sharpening, you will need to clean out the gullets by filing them with a 7/32" round file. When filing, work from the inside-out (the side opposite the direction of sharpening), and always leave a 1/8" shelf behind the gullet. If you do not clean the gullets regularly, the outer edge will eventually prevent the working corners of your cutters from getting an adequate bite into the wood.

What's the Correct Way to File the Gullet?

When correctly filing the gullet, ensure there is enough clearance between the working corner and the gullet’s outer edge. Some square-ground chain users may prefer filing from the inside out, in an upward direction, but it's much more difficult. Whichever direction you choose, ensure your file and cutting edges are positioned as shown. File all the cutters on one side of the chain, then reverse the chain and repeat the process.

Incorrect Gullet Filing

If the gullet is filed the wrong way, there will be little to no clearance between the working corner and the gullet’s outer edge.

FAQ

How do I sharpen my chainsaw chain?

There are two main methods you can use for sharpening chainsaw chain by hand, using a round chainsaw file or an electric chainsaw grinder. You can learn how to properly sharpen chainsaw chain by watching our Technical Tips video.

How do I know when and how often to sharpen my chainsaw chain?

If you notice that your chainsaw is no longer self-feeding, or if you have to push on the saw, it's time to sharpen your chainsaw chain. Additionally, you should sharpen your chainsaw chain if the waste material from your saw creates sawdust. A good rule of thumb is to sharpen your saw chain every time you refill the gas.